The Functional Breeding Blog
Claire Apple: Farmcollies and the American Working Farmcollie Association
Claire Apple is on the board of the American Working Farmcollie Association (AWFA). This week, Claire and I talk about what farmcollies are and what they do, how to think about populations of dogs who aren’t just one breed, and registering dogs on merit. Come learn about dogs who do a really complex and multifactored job! For more about Claire, you can find her on Facebook or check out her training page, ncdogtraining.com. To learn more about AWFA, check out farmcollie.com.
Dog Breeding for the Future: Dr. Dave Dean
Continuing on with describing the talks at the Dog Breeding for the Future conference (March 13, 2023, in Hurdal, Norway): the second talk of the day was Dr. Dave Dean, a practicing veterinarian at Valley Vets in South Wales. His talk was titled “Practice Policy on...
The Dog Breeding for the Future Conference: Peer Berg
The first day of the Dog Breeding for the Future conference convened on March 13, 2023, in Hurdal, Norway. It was a small group, about 50 people, all specifically invited for their particular contributions. Many were veterinarians and/or researchers. The...
The Hypoallergenic Dog
Written By Amanda Venturino, MS, MSc Edited By Jessica Hekman, DVM, PhD; Cornelia Kraus, Dr. rer. Nat; Nickala Squire, CTC, FFCP You may have heard the phrase ‘There is no such thing as a hypoallergenic dog’. This phrase and other similar iterations are often used...
The Co-Pilot Breeding Cooperative has new puppies!
The Bosun Dog Project (part of the Co-Pilot Breeding Cooperative) announces five healthy little puppies - four boys and one girl. They report that Bakka is already an amazing momma and they are all doing great! (Learn more about the Co-Pilot Breeding Cooperative.)
Estrous Cycle Manipulation in Dogs
Estrous Cycle Manipulation In Dogs - Michelle Anne Kutzler, DVM, PhD. Oregon State University. 2018. By Amanda Venturino, MS, MSc Dog breeders have access to medication to delay estrus. However, induction of estrus is rarely if ever attempted. This publication is a...
Litter Highlight: Sara Reusche
Sarah is a CBCC-KA, CPDT-KA, CVT, and she owns Paws Abilities Dog Training LLC, which has two locations, in southeast Minnesota and the Twin Cities metro. Sara is back to update us on her multigen mixed breed breeding program and her new litter. She’s going to talk with us about transparency in breeding, making hard decisions, and tells us all about her latest litter of dogs bred to be excellent companions and sports-lite partners. Sarah, welcome to the podcast. I’m so glad to have you back.
The Effect of Inbreeding, Body Size, and Morphology on Health in Dog Breeds
Bannasch, D., Famula, T., Donner, J. et al. The effect of inbreeding, body size and morphology on health in dog breeds. Canine Genet Epidemiol 8, 12 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40575-021-00111-4 PubMed Link | Full Text by Amanda Venturino MS, MSc This study...
Ji Khalsa and Alicia Hobson: the Genetics of Coat Type and Color
This week we’re getting nerdy about the genetics of dog coat color and type with two breeders, Ji Khalsa and Alicia Hobson. Ji has a Master’s degree in microbiology and biochemistry and has done additional work in genetics. She has bred and trained working dogs most of her adult life. She’s the founder of Midwoofery, a highly respected, science-based educational resource for responsible dog breeders. Alicia is the founder of the Bearded Retriever Project, which is developing a breed based on poodles, Labrador retrievers, and golden retrievers, with the goal of creating great companions. Both love teaching and are very good at it, and have a lot to teach about the genetics behind dog coats. So welcome Alicia an
How Size and Genetic Diversity Shape Lifespan Across Breeds
Kraus C, et al. “How size and genetic diversity shape lifespan across breeds of purebred dogs”. GeroScience (2022). PubMed Link | Full Text (paywall until September 2023) by Dr. Cornelia Kraus (first author of the study) This study investigates the relationship...
Karen Hinchy: The Chinook Outcross Project
Karen Hinchy has been breeding Chinooks for more than 13 years and is a guiding force in the Chinook Outcross Project. She’s an extremely knowledgeable and science-minded breeder. I know that there are a lot of questions about there about how outcross projects work and what we can expect from them, and I hope this episode helps answer some of your questions.
Emily Bray, PhD: Maternal Care in Dogs
Emily Bray is an Animal Behavior Postdoctoral Researcher at the University of Arizona and Canine Companions for Independence. Her area of interest is canine cognition, and she specifically studies the effects of different styles of maternal care on the adult personalities of dogs – in other words, does how your mom treats you affect who you will grow up to be? In this episode, Emily and I talk about what’s known about maternal care generally in animals and people before diving into her studies in dogs and what she learned from them. Emily is excellent at communicating complex topics clearly, so come get your science on!
The Co-Pilot Breeding Co-op with Laura and Carolyn
I’m talking to two breeders who have joined forces to set up a new cooperative and registry for breeders as part of the FDC, with a focus on breeding for health and specific companion temperament goals regardless of breed mix. Laura Sharkey is the owner and training director at Woof’s Dog Training Center in Arlington, Virginia. Laura holds a PhD in microbiology and immunology, and has over 20 years of experience in training dogs, fostering and raising litters. Her personal breeding program is the Bosun dog project. Carolyn Kelly is a registered nurse with over 30 years of experience in human health, including in labor and delivery and in mental health, where she witnessed the power that animal assisted interventions can play in the healing process. She holds a master’s degree in nursing leadership and runs a small mixed breed companion dog program, Old Mission Retrievers. Together, they have founded the Co-pilot Breeding Cooperative, and have some really exciting ideas about the future of dog breeding. I’m looking forward to helping them share their plans here.
Panel: Owning Dogs in the Modern World
In this episode I speak with four people who have different perspectives on dogs and their owners. We’re going to talk about the expectations we have of dogs and whether they are reasonable, the limits of training to manage dogs in the wrong environments, and the ethical dilemma of dog keeping in an increasingly urban world. We also touched on how our relationships and expectations of dogs as pets are influenced by larger social issues. My guests are Jacqueline George, who works with people seeking puppies to help match them to the right breeder, shelter, or rescue. Sammy Hyde, a dog trainer in the Boston area. And Laura Sharkey and Carolyn Kelly, the founders of the Copilot Pet Dog Breeding Cooperative, both of whom have experienced breeding dogs for pet homes. These four women have a lot of fascinating experience and insights. And I hope you enjoy their conversation as much as I did.
Breed, Behavior, and Mutt Genomics
Morrill, Kathleen, et al. "Ancestry-inclusive dog genomics challenges popular breed stereotypes." Science 376.6592 (2022): eabk0639. PubMed Link | Full Text Link by Jessica Hekman, DVM, PhD (Note: the author of this summary is second author on the paper) This paper...
“We Socialize Puppies” – What Good Socialization Practices Look Like and What to Watch Out For
What is Socialization? Technically “socialization” is the complex process that begins even before birth, by which an animal - including every human - becomes familiar and habituated to the environment in which it lives. For humans, it’s learning what is “normal” -...
Relative Muzzle Length as a Factor for BOAS: Comment on Packer et al. (2015) & Liu et al. (2017)
This post is part of a three-part series. See also: Summary of Packer et al. (2015) Summary of Liu et al. (2017) by Dr. Cornelia Kraus The papers by Packer et al. (2015, just Packer from here on) and Liu et al (2017, just Liu from here on) on risk factors for BOAS...
Facial Conformation and Risk of BOAS
Packer, et al. “Impact of facial conformation on canine health: brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome”. PLOS One (2015) 10: e0137496. PubMed Link | Full Text Link This two-part study investigates risk factors for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS)...
Conformational Risk Factors of BOAS in Three High-Risk Breeds
Liu, et al. “Conformational risk factors of brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) in pugs, French bulldogs, and bulldogs”. PLOS One (2017) 12(8): e0181928. PubMed Link | Full Text Link This study identifies breed-specific conformational risk factors for...
Kim Brophey: Ethology and Breeding Dogs
Kim Brophey is a behavior consultant who approaches dog behavior through an ethological lens. In this episode we talk about how we have selected different breeds for a variety of traits that make them more or less able to fit into our lives. To learn more about Kim, check out her book, Meet Your Dog, or her behavior consulting service at dogdoorcanineservices.com.
Sex-Specific Aging in Dogs?
Hoffman, et al. “Do female dogs age differently than male dogs?”. J Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. (2018): 73: 150-156. PubMed Link | Full Text Link This study investigates sex differences in longevity and causes of death in dogs taking into account the effect of...
Variation in Neuroanatomy Across Dog Breeds
Hecht, Erin T., et al. “Significant Neuroanatomical Variation Among Domestic Dog Breeds.” Journal of Neuroscience. 39(2019):7748 –7758. This study investigates how the size and shape of different areas of the brain vary across dog breeds, which may contribute to...
Behavioral Resilience in Australian Stock Working Dogs
Arnott ER, Peek L, Early JB, et al. "Strong selection for behavioural resilience in Australian stock working dogs identified by selective sweep analysis." Canine Genet Epidemiol. 2015;2:6. This study compared DNA from two breeds, derived from common founder stock but...
Podcast Hiatus
I didn’t intend to have another hiatus so soon. But in late January, I slipped on ice and hit my head. I have been recovering slowly but surely. Slooowwwwllly. I have some episodes planned that I’m really excited about, but I’m still on quite limited screen time, and audio is still very, very hard for me to listen to. So, I apologize to have to put the podcast into hiatus, but it’s going to have to wait for my head to recover. It will recover! But I am not sure quite when.
Thank you so much to all of you listeners for your support – it means a lot to me when I get feedback about how much you enjoy the podcast. It makes me feel sad to not be producing new episodes and I can’t wait to get back to it.
Joyce Briggs: What the State of Shelter Adoptions Today Means for Breeders
Joyce Briggs is the President of the Alliance for Contraception in Cats & Dogs (ACC&D). She’s dedicated her career to working in the world of animal sheltering, and has fascinating insights about how that world has changed over the past decades – backed up by some hard numbers. In this episode, we talk about the changing face of the animal shelter world in the United States, and speculate about what this could mean for people looking to get their next dog – and for dog breeders.
Associations Between Sterilization Status and Lifespan & Cause of Death
Hoffman, et al. “Reproductive capability is associated with lifespan and cause of death in companion dogs”. Plos One (2013): 8: e61082. PubMed Link | Full Text This study investigates the effect of reproductive capability (intact vs sterilized status) on lifespan and...
Jane Lindquist: Puppy Culture
Jane Lindquist is the founder and owner of Puppy Culture, a widely used educational resource for raising and socializing puppies. She herself breeds and competes with bull terriers. As it turns out, she is very thoughtful when it comes to how to apply science to the raising of puppies. We had a wide ranging conversation, at times nerdy, at times philosophical.
What Genes Control White Spotting in Dogs?
Baranowska Körberg, Izabella et al. "A Simple Repeat Polymorphism in the MITF-M Promoter Is a Key Regulator of White Spotting in Dogs." PLoS One 2014: 9(8). This 2014 paper examined the role of mutations in a gene that is known to affect white spotting in...
Genetics of Inbreeding Depression
Charlesworth, Deborah & Willis, John. “The genetics of inbreeding depression”. Nature Reviews Genetics. 10 (2009): 783-96. This study is a broad review of inbreeding depression research to date, focusing on the genetic mechanisms hypothesized to produce reduced...
Inbreeding Depression and Lifespan
Yordy, J, et al. "Body size, inbreeding, and lifespan in domestic dogs". Conserv. Genet. 21 (2020): 137-148. PubMed Link | PDF Link This study investigates evidence for inbreeding depression in lifespan in dogs at three scales: comparing mixed breed and purebred dogs,...
Why Large Dogs Die Young
Kraus, C, et al. "The size-lifespan trade-off decomposed: Why large dogs die young". Am. Nat. 181 (2013): 492-505. This study investigates the demographic mechanisms behind the trade-off between size and lifespan in the domestic dog. Background Large dogs die younger...
Sarah Stremming: Border Collies in Agility – We’re all Weird Here
Sarah Stremming is an internationally known dog behavior consultant with a special niche working with sports dogs. She consults at The Cognitive Canine, teaches online courses on dog behavior, and hosts the Cog Dog Radio Podcast. I sat down with Sarah to talk about agility dogs, particularly the ubiquitous border collie, and what is going on with them in terms of health and behavioral issues. Looking for your next agility prospect? This interview is a must listen.
Elinor Karlsson, PhD: Genetic Testing from a Scientist’s Perspective
Elinor Karlsson, Ph.D., is the director of the Vetebrate Genomics Group at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard and (incidentally) my boss. She has a deep knowledge about both population genetics and what we call “complex trait genomics,” or the genetics of hard to pin down things like risk of developing cancer or a behavior problem. Elinor talked with me about a recent paper that looked for genetic variants associated with diseases in a large number of dogs from many breeds and mixes. She discusses what this paper found and some ways to interpret those findings.
Oluademi James-Daniel: Overcoming Systemic Racism in the Dog World
Oluademi James-Daniel is a force for change in the dog world. Her Facebook group, Inclusivity in Dog Training, has become a major player in the conversation about whether the dog world is inclusive (spoiler: there’s lots to work on) and what we can all do to make things better for minorities. In this episode, Oluademi talks about bias in the dog world generally and especially in breeding and in how breeders pick their puppy owners.
Hybrid Vigor in Dogs
Nicholas, FW, et al. "Hybrid vigour in dogs?" Vet J. 214 (2016): 77-83. This article is a review of the existing research examining hybrid vigor in dogs. Review articles summarize the research published to date on a particular subject and often comment on the validity...
Eldin Leighton, PhD (pt. 2): The International Working Dog Registry
Eldin Leighton has a PhD in animal breeding, and after a long career at The Seeing Eye, has founded the International Working Dog Registry, or IWDR. If you didn’t listen to last week’s episode where Eldin talked about his career before the IWDR, definitely check that out first. In this episode, he tells us all about the IWDR, how it helps gather large populations of dogs together to provide more data – and analyze that data! – to help breeders improve their breeding decisions, and whether it’s useful for more than just working dogs. (Spoiler: yes it is.)
Eldin Leighton, PhD (pt 1): The Science of Animal Breeding
Eldin Leighton has a PhD in animal breeding and has wound up a long career managing the breeding program at The Seeing Eye, which is the largest guide dog organization in the US. In this episode, Eldin talks to us about how he got where he is now and gets super nerdy about the ins and outs of selecting breeding animals for the traits you want, from cattle to seeing eye dogs. (We love nerdy.) Eldin had so much good information that this ended up being two episodes, so stay tuned for part two next week.
Marina Phillips: Breeding Cooperatives
Marina Phillips is the breeding director for the ADI (Assistance Dogs International) Breeding Cooperative. A breeding cooperative is a group of breeders with similar goals who exchange animals to form a larger breeding population than they could on their own. In this episode, Marina gets down and dirty with the details of how to put together and run a breeding cooperative, and wraps up with some insights on how she makes guardian homes (placing dogs in pet homes but keeping breeding rights) work for her. If you’re a breeder who has ever struggled with how to keep enough potential breeding dogs in a house with limited space, this episode may be for you.
The Relationship Between Maternal Care and Rat Behavior
Caldji, Cristian, et al. "Maternal care during infancy regulates the development of neural systems mediating the expression of fearfulness in the rat." Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95 (1998): 5335-5340. PubMed Link | PDF Link This 1998 study describes a relationship...
Heritability of Behavior Meta-Analysis
Hradecká, L., et al. Heritability of behavioural traits in domestic dogs: A meta-analysis." Applied Animal Behavior Science 170 (2015): 1-13. This meta-analysis examines the heritability of behavior in dogs. A meta-analysis is a study that pools and analyses the data...
Effects of Diet Restriction on Hip Health
Smith, Gail K., et al. "Lifelong diet restriction and radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis of the hip joint in dogs." J Am Vet Med Assoc. 229.5 (2006): 690-693. PubMed Link | PDF Link This study looked at the effect of limiting food consumption on the development...
Effects of Diet Restriction on Lifespan
Kealey, Richard D., et al. "Effects of diet restriction on life span and age-related changes in dogs." J Am Vet Med Assoc. 220 (2002): 1315-1320. PubMed Link | PDF Link This study evaluates the effects of a modest (25%) lifelong calorie restriction on life span and...
Factors Affecting Reproductive Performance
Hollinshead FK, Hanlon DW. “Factors affecting the reproductive performance of bitches: A prospective cohort study involving 1203 inseminations with fresh and frozen semen.” Theriogenology 101 (2017): 62-72. PubMed Link | PDF Link This study describes a variety of...
Heritability of Behavior in Service Dogs
Wilsson, E. and P.E. Sundgren. "The use of a behaviour test for selection of dogs for service and breeding. II. Heritability for tested parameters and effect of selection based on service dog characteristics." Applied Animal Behavioral Science 54 (1997): 235-241. With...
The Relationship Between Maternal Care and Puppy Behavior
Guardini, Giovanna, et al. “Influence of morning maternal care on the behavioural responses of 8-week-old Beagle puppies to new environmental and social stimuli.” Applied Animal Behaviour Science 181 (2016): 137-144. ScienceDirect Link | PDF Link This study describes...
The Impact of Inbreeding on Litter Size
Chu, Erin T., et al. "Inbreeding depression causes reduced fecundity in Golden Retrievers." Mammalian Genome 30.5-6 (2019): 166-172. This study describes a possible relationship between inbreeding and litter size in Golden Retriever dogs. Inbreeding refers to the...
What’s new with the Functional Dog Collaborative
The podcast is going on a hiatus of a few weeks. I’m leaving you with this update on what’s been happening with the Functional Dog Collaborative over its first months and where we’re going next – guidelines of purpose, outlining our educational curriculum, T-shirts, and laying the groundwork for some big things in the future.
Doodles Part 3 – Kim Palermo: Boots on the Ground with Doodles
Kim Palermo owns BlueDog, a multicentric dog walking and training company, with her husband. There she runs manners and puppy classes for pet dog owners, and has her hands on quite a few doodles. In this episode, I talk with Kim about her changing perceptions of doodles, what she sees in doodles and doodle owners, and what she wishes first time dog owners knew before bringing their new puppy home.
Doodles Part 2 – Alicia Hobson: The Bearded Retriever Project
Alicia Hobson, of Bear Lake Bearded Retrievers, is the founder of the Bearded Retriever Project. The Bearded Retriever is a breed in development, based on poodles, Labrador Retrievers, and Golden Retrievers; the dogs have a classic doodle look and F1 poodle/retriever crosses can be Bearded Retrievers. In this episode, Alicia and I talk breeder education, client education, coat genetics, and the social challenges of breeding doodles.
Doodles Part 1 – Amy Lane: The Goldendoodle Association of America
Amy Lane is the founder of the Goldendoodle Association of North America and the creator of the mini goldendoodle. GANA acts as a breed club for goldendoodle breeders, providing a registry, health testing guidance, and education. In this episode, Amy tells us all about goldendoodles, covering the genetics of shedding, what it means to call a doodle “hypoallergenic,” and how GANA provides some really exceptional support to its members.
Sophie Liu, DVM: The Doberman Diversity Project
Sophie Liu, DVM, is the founder of the Doberman Diversity Project. The DDP seeks to collect information in a single place about Dobermans for use to researchers who want to better understand the genetics of Doberman health issues. Sophie has some very cool specific, actionable plans for helping improve the breed’s health, and in this episode, we talk about those plans, why Dobermans are great, what their health is like currently, and how hard it is to organize dog owners to get you the data you need.
Linda Seaver: Berner University
Linda Seaver is the founder of Berner University, a two-day educational conference which convenes once each year at the Bernese Mountain Dog Club of America National Specialty. Berner U aims to educate Berner owners and breeders about their dogs, including information from veterinarians, behaviorists, and experienced breeders, among others.
Jenna Dockweiler, DVM, DACT: Theriogenology, the Study of Beast Making
Jenna Dockweiler, DVM, DACT, is a theriogenologist working at Ethos Veterinary Health in Wheat Ridge, CO. What is a theriogenologist, you ask? In this episode, Jenna tells us what a theriogenologist does, how she became one (hint: lots and lots of school), and what theriogenologists have to offer breeders.
Sara Reusche: Breeding Mixy-Mix Sports Dogs for the First Time
Sara Reusche, CPDT-KA, CVT, ANWI owns Paws Abilities Dog Training, LLC in Rochester, Minnesota. Sara writes, teaches – and is the happy owner of two intentionally-bred sport mixy-mix dogs, one of whom she bred herself. In this episode, Sara talks about getting a dog who was bred to be a fabulous pet first, a sport dog second, and her experiences with her first breeding.
Jane Russenberger: Managing a Population of Guide Dogs
Jane Russenberger is the Senior Director of Genetics and Breeding at Guiding Eyes for the Blind, one of the largest guide dog schools in the United States. Over her decades working at Guiding Eyes for the Blind, Jane has shepherded a population of hundreds of guide dogs (mainly Labrador Retrievers and German Shepherds) in the direction of increasingly solid genetic foundations for doing their jobs. In this episode, Jane talks about her job and management strategies for selective breeding.
Trish McMillan, CPDT, CDBC, ACCBC: Where Do Good Dogs Come From?
Trish McMillan is a Certified Professional Dog Trainer, a Certified Dog Behavior Consultant, and an Associate Certified Cat Behavior Consultant. She is also an internationally known speaker and behavior consultant who has been involved with animal sheltering for more than twenty years. Trish is one of the founding board members of the Functional Dog Collaborative.
Deb Jones, PhD: Good Traits for a Sports Dog (and Pet)
This week we talk with Deb Jones, Ph.D., about the behavioral traits that make a good sports dog, particularly a sports dog who you can live with. Deb has a Ph.D. in social & behavioral psychology, and worked as a professor for more than 20 years at Kent State University. She has been in dog sports for more than 25 years, competing in obedience, rally, and agility. Deb is the author of 12 books about dog training, and currently teaches both online and in person.
Julie Norman Jenkins: Breeding Dogs as Athletes and Pets
Julie Norman Jenkins runs Quicksilver Dogs, where she breeds border collies and border collie mixes. Her dogs have gone on to achieve top titles in flyball and agility, but are also fabulous pets. Julie talks about perceptions of breeding mixes and what she does with her own breeding program.
Introduction to the Functional Dog Collaborative with Jessica Hekman
What is the Functional Breeding Podcast about? In this episode, Jessica says hello, and introduces the podcast’s parent organization, the Functional Dog Collaborative.